Rocks Radioactivity results

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The radioactivity measurements with the scintillator detectors are summarized in the 4 tables below. The measurements have been carried out with rock samples not prepared so the geometry changes from sample to sample. To make a real quantitative comparison between different rocks, they should be measured in powder form with a constant weight, a fixed container size and a reproducible position of the detector close to the sample. The results tabulated here are thus a semi quantitative comparison of different rocks radioactivity.

Signification of some of the columns:

ü SiPM Voltage is set by serial connected batteries, it can be set to 28.5V or 30V

ü Discriminator voltage: reference voltage for the two discriminators except CdWO4 which has only one counting line.

ü Background: counting of the empty lead box.

ü Total counts of background and sample.

ü Net counts: total count minus background.

ü Critical limit is a statistical parameter: below this limit, the measurement belongs to the background statistical distribution at 95% statistical significance.

ü Minimum detectable activity is based on the Curie equation^*. Above this value of the net counts, the material is considered radioactive.

ü The ratio net counts over minimum detectable activity is considered as a factor of merit for the detectors tested. If the same sample is measured with different detectors, this value can be used to compare the sensitivity of the devices. If its value is greater than one, the sample is considered as radioactive, its color will be green. If it is not radioactive, its color is red.

* For details about counting statistics, see Knoll Radiation detection and measurement, Wiley.

Sample	Weight g	Detector	SiPM voltage	Discriminator Voltage	Counting Time (secondes)	Background	Total counts	Net counts	Critical limit Lc	Minimum detectable activity	Minimum detectable activity Bq	Detected activity Bq	Ratio Net_counts / Min Detect activity
Monazite Bresil opposite face 1	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	20242	22839	2597	330.98	664.7	0.1846	0.7214	3.91
Monazite Bresil opposite face 1	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	16248	18110	1862	296.54	595.8	0.1655	0.5172	3.13
Monazite Bresil Lateral close detector 2	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	20242	25205	4963	330.98	664.7	0.1846	1.3786	7.47
Monazite Bresil Lateral close detector 2	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	16248	20029	3781	296.54	595.8	0.1655	1.0503	6.35
Monazite Bresil Lateral Middel 3	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	20242	23230	2988	330.98	664.7	0.1846	0.8300	4.50
Monazite Bresil Lateral Middel 3	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	16248	18547	2299	296.54	595.8	0.1655	0.6386	3.86
Monazite Bresil Lateral bottom 4	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	20242	21291	1049	330.98	664.7	0.1846	0.2914	1.58
Monazite Bresil Lateral bottom 4	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	16248	16936	688	296.54	595.8	0.1655	0.1911	1.15

The table above describes the results of some experiments with the plastic detector. The position of a small radioactive mineral (monazite) has been changed according to the figure. The plastic detector is large compared to the small surface of the SiPM. The position 1 should be the best geometrically because in front of the detector but the distance is maximum. It is seen from the table that the best position is 2, closer to the detector even if the geometry is lateral. Position 4 is the worse: bad geometry and far away from the detector.

The picture on the left shows the window on the plastic detector which is free of black tape for the experiment described in the table below.

The idea to remove part of the black tape on the plastic detector is to increase the sensitivity of the detector to the beta radiation which is more absorbed by the tape than the gamma radiation. Even with a free window, the rubidium has not been detected as shown in the table. For the K40 in the form of KH2PO4, the effect of promoting the beta radiation with the window is clearly seen. The ratio in the last column of the table is about 3 times higher if the single sheet of tape is removed from the window. The effect is less for a sedimentary rock (Nonceveux): only 30% more counts is recorded if the window is free of tape. The ratio is about 1.6 for a thin section of pechblende for the measurement with the window free of tape or covered with tape.

From the two experiments described above, it can be concluded that a larger window should be left free of any coverage, in particular close to the detector to record the maximum of counts with a plastic detector. Of course, the detector so uncovered must be placed in a dark enclosure to avoid spurious light on the SiPM.

Sample	Weight g	Detector	SiPM voltage	Discriminator Voltage	Counting Time (secondes)	Background	Total counts	Net counts	Critical limit Lc	Minimum detectable activity	Minimum detectable activity Bq	Detected activity Bq	Ratio Net_counts / Min Detect activity
RbCl	11	Plastic Window	30	0.2	3600	10070	10065	-5	233.45	469.6	0.1304	-0.0014	-0.01
RbCl	11	Plastic Window	30	0.25	3600	8170	8137	-33	210.28	423.3	0.1176	-0.0092	-0.08
KH2PO4	8.9	Plastic Window	30	0.2	3600	10070	13990	3920	233.45	469.6	0.1304	1.0889	8.35
KH2PO4	8.9	Plastic Window	30	0.25	3600	8170	9785	1615	210.28	423.3	0.1176	0.4486	3.82
KH2PO4 with 3mm Al plate	8.9	Plastic Window	30	0.2	3600	10070	10587	517	233.45	469.6	0.1304	0.1436	1.10
KH2PO4 with 3mm Al plate	8.9	Plastic Window	30	0.25	3600	8170	8487	317	210.28	423.3	0.1176	0.0881	0.75
KH2PO4	16.8	Plastic Window	30	0.2	3600	10070	17587	7517	233.45	469.6	0.1304	2.0881	16.01
KH2PO4	16.8	Plastic Window	30	0.25	3600	8170	12290	4120	210.28	423.3	0.1176	1.1444	9.73
KH2PO4	16.8	Plastic Window covered with tape	30	0.2	3600	8248	10597	2349	211.28	425.3	0.1181	0.6525	5.52
KH2PO4	16.8	Plastic Window covered with tape	30	0.25	3600	6697	7509	812	190.38	383.5	0.1065	0.2256	2.12
KH2PO4	17.4	Plastic Window	30	0.2	3600	8554	15966	7412	215.16	433.0	0.1203	2.0589	17.12
KH2PO4	17.4	Plastic Window	30	0.25	3600	6902	10938	4036	193.27	389.2	0.1081	1.1211	10.37
KH2PO4	17.4	Plastic Window covered with tape	30	0.2	3600	7708	9767	2059	204.25	411.2	0.1142	0.5719	5.01
KH2PO4	17.4	Plastic Window covered with tape	30	0.25	3600	6172	6941	769	182.77	368.2	0.1023	0.2136	2.09
Nonceveux Belgium	57	Plastic Window	30	0.2	3600	8665	9531	866	216.55	435.8	0.1211	0.2406	1.99
Nonceveux Belgium	57	Plastic Window	30	0.25	3600	7080	7528	448	195.75	394.2	0.1095	0.1244	1.14
Nonceveux Belgium	57	Plastic Window covered with tape	30	0.2	3600	7489	8113	624	201.32	405.4	0.1126	0.1733	1.54
Nonceveux Belgium	57	Plastic Window covered with tape	30	0.25	3600	5988	6348	360	180.02	362.7	0.1008	0.1000	0.99
Pechblende thin section	1	Plastic Window	30	0.2	3600	8542	1279399	1270857	215.01	432.7	0.1202	353.0158	2936.85
Pechblende thin section	1	Plastic Window	30	0.17	3600	9145	1411551	1402406	222.47	447.6	0.1243	389.5572	3132.84
Pechblende thin section glass on top	1	Plastic Window	30	0.2	3600	8542	131620	123078	215.01	432.7	0.1202	34.1883	284.42
Pechblende thin section glass on top	1	Plastic Window	30	0.17	3600	9145	144202	135057	222.47	447.6	0.1243	37.5158	301.70
Pechblende thin section	1	Plastic Window covered with tape	30	0.2	3600	8542	788699	780157	215.01	432.7	0.1202	216.7103	1802.88
Pechblende thin section	1	Plastic Window covered with tape	30	0.17	3600	9145	874635	865490	222.47	447.6	0.1243	240.4139	1933.42

T The table below is a summary of the relative sensitivity of 3 detectors. In each example, the NaI detector has a higher net counts over minimum detectable activity ratio. It is the best choice to measure low activity of rocks and minerals. It has also the advantage of high pulses in the µs range easily managed. The sensitivity of plastic and CdWO4 is comparable.

Sample	Poids g	Detector	SiPM voltage	Discriminator Voltage	Counting Time (secondes)	Background	Total counts	Net counts	Critical limit Lc	Minimum detectable activity	Minimum detectable activity Bq	Detected activity Bq	Ratio Net_counts / Min Detect activity
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	CaWO4	30.3	0.15	3600	1222	2037	815	81.32	165.4	0.0459	0.2264	4.93
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	Plastic	31.3	0.2	3600	11610	13922	2312	250.67	504.0	0.1400	0.6422	4.59
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3092	5242	2150	129.36	261.4	0.0726	0.5972	8.22

Mosandrite Sweden	34.24	CaWO4	30.3	0.17	3600	1236	4437	3201	81.79	166.3	0.0462	0.8892	19.25
Mosandrite Sweden	34.24	NaI	28.8	0.1	3600	4238	13067	8829	151.45	305.6	0.0849	2.4525	28.89
Mosandrite Sweden	34.24	NaI	28.8	0.3	3600	4007	12413	8406	147.26	297.2	0.0826	2.3350	28.28

Monazite Brazil	0.37	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3727	10437	6710	142.02	286.8	0.0797	1.8639	23.40
Monazite Brazil	0.37	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3592	10067	6475	139.43	281.6	0.0782	1.7986	23.00
Monazite Bresil Lateral close detector 2	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	20242	25205	4963	330.98	664.7	0.1846	1.3786	7.47
Monazite Bresil Lateral close detector 2	0.37	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	16248	20029	3781	296.54	595.8	0.1655	1.0503	6.35

Table with all the results. It figures some measurement with the LYSO detector. LYSO can easily measure the high activity samples but due to its high background (radioactivity of lutetium), it cannot compete with the 3 other detectors for low activity samples. Compare LYSO and NaI for the samples Blue apatite from India and Phalaborwa 1 South Africa. The LYSO detector is no more used for mineral radioactivity investigations but it is still used to check the equipment because there is no need of a radioactive material to send pulses to an amplifier and second, it has the higher pulse amplitude which can be detected easily. As can be seen in the table below, a lot of the minerals chosen are radioactive, an exception is the two meteorites.

Sample	Weight g	Detector	SiPM voltage	Discriminator Voltage	Counting Time (secondes)	Background	Total counts	Net counts	Critical limit Lc	Minimum detectable activity	Minimum detectable activity Bq	Detected activity Bq	Ratio Net_counts / Min Detect activity
Bucraa phosphate Maroco	22.3	CaWO4	30.3	0.17	3600	1275	2158	883	83.07	168.8	0.0469	0.2453	5.23
Gabbro Fuerteventura	83.9	CaWO4	30.3	0.17	3600	1236	2289	1053	81.79	166.3	0.0462	0.2925	6.33
KH2PO4 25.5g	14	CaWO4	30.3	0.17	3600	1275	1602	327	83.07	168.8	0.0469	0.0908	1.94
Lu2O3	5	CaWO4	30.3	0.17	3600	1275	8129	6854	83.07	168.8	0.0469	1.9039	40.59
Mosandrite Sweden	34.24	CaWO4	30.3	0.17	3600	1236	4437	3201	81.79	166.3	0.0462	0.8892	19.25
RbCl	11	CaWO4	30.3	0.17	3600	1275	1221	-54	83.07	168.8	0.0469	-0.0150	-0.32
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	CaWO4	28.3	0.15	3600	1420	1829	409	87.66	178.0	0.0495	0.1136	2.30
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	CaWO4	30.3	0.15	3600	1222	2037	815	81.32	165.4	0.0459	0.2264	4.93
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	CaWO4	30.3	0.12	3600	1768	2551	783	97.82	198.3	0.0551	0.2175	3.95
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	CaWO4	30.3	0.17	3600	1328	1736	408	84.78	172.3	0.0479	0.1133	2.37
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	CaWO4	30.3	0.15	3600	1492	2048	556	89.86	182.4	0.0507	0.1544	3.05
Blue Apatite India	42.5	LYSO	28.5	0.15	3600	684607	715348	30741	1924.87	3852.4	1.0701	8.5392	7.98
Blue Apatite India	42.5	LYSO	28.5	1	3600	684745	715696	30951	1925.06	3852.8	1.0702	8.5975	8.03
Monazite Madagascar	14	LYSO	28.5	0.15	3600	684804	1506294	821490	1925.15	3853.0	1.0703	228.1917	213.21
Monazite Madagascar	14	LYSO	28.5	1	3600	652669	1254594	601925	1879.44	3761.6	1.0449	167.2014	160.02
Pechblende Czechia	58.5	LYSO	28.5	0.15	3600	685164	22809996	22124832	1925.65	3854.0	1.0706	6145.7867	5740.73
Pechblende Czechia	58.5	LYSO	28.5	1	3600	643880	14357125	13713245	1866.74	3736.2	1.0378	3809.2347	3670.39
Pechblende section Czechia	1	LYSO	28.5	0.15	3600	684804	802322	117518	1925.15	3853.0	1.0703	32.6439	30.50
Pechblende section Czechia	1	LYSO	28.5	1	3600	652669	718494	65825	1879.44	3761.6	1.0449	18.2847	17.50
Phalaborwa 1 South Africa	87.5	LYSO	28.5	0.15	3600	684693	692000	7307	1924.99	3852.7	1.0702	2.0297	1.90
Phalaborwa 1 South Africa	87.5	LYSO	28.5	1	3600	684841	692230	7389	1925.20	3853.1	1.0703	2.0525	1.92
Thorium Nitrate	1	LYSO	28.5	0.15	3600	685164	3104749	2419585	1925.65	3854.0	1.0706	672.1069	627.81
Thorium Nitrate	1	LYSO	28.5	1	3600	643880	1992209	1348329	1866.74	3736.2	1.0378	374.5358	360.88
U3O8	15.47	LYSO	28.5	0.15	3600	685164	2591158	1905994	1925.65	3854.0	1.0706	529.4428	494.55
U3O8	15.47	LYSO	28.5	1	3600	643880	1340395	696515	1866.74	3736.2	1.0378	193.4764	186.42
Background AM vs PM		NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3701	3976	275	141.53	285.8	0.0794	0.0764	0.96
Background AM vs PM		NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3580	3845	265	139.19	281.1	0.0781	0.0736	0.94
Background not shielded	1	NaI	30	0.15	3600	3260	35224	31964	132.83	268.4	0.0745	8.8789	119.11
Background not shielded	1	NaI	30	1	3600	2353	20687	18334	112.85	228.4	0.0634	5.0928	80.27
Bastnaesite France	115	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3761	3732	-29	142.67	288.0	0.0800	-0.0081	-0.10
Bastnaesite France	116	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3623	3622	-1	140.03	282.8	0.0785	-0.0003	0.00
Betafite Madagascar	8.55	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3216	1640284	1637068	131.93	266.6	0.0740	454.7411	6141.39
Betafite Madagascar	8.55	NaI	28.5	0.3	3600	3127	1602133	1599006	130.09	262.9	0.0730	444.1683	6082.49
Blue Apatite India	60	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3727	79934	76207	142.02	286.8	0.0797	21.1686	265.76
Blue Apatite India	60	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3592	78004	74412	139.43	281.6	0.0782	20.6700	264.28
Blue Apatite India	16	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3727	31513	27786	142.02	286.8	0.0797	7.7183	96.90
Blue Apatite India	16	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3592	30640	27048	139.43	281.6	0.0782	7.5133	96.06
Bretagne Ile de Aber	135	NaI	30	0.15	3600	4335	4564	229	153.17	309.0	0.0858	0.0636	0.74
Bretagne Ile de Aber	135	NaI	30	0.3	3600	4196	4403	207	150.69	304.1	0.0845	0.0575	0.68
Bretagne pointe du Van	237	NaI	30	0.15	3600	4335	6172	1837	153.17	309.0	0.0858	0.5103	5.94
Bretagne pointe du Van	237	NaI	30	0.3	3600	4196	5986	1790	150.69	304.1	0.0845	0.4972	5.89
Bucraa phosphate Maroco	22.3	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3803	7682	3879	143.46	289.6	0.0805	1.0775	13.39
Bucraa phosphate Maroco	22.3	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3682	7435	3753	141.16	285.0	0.0792	1.0425	13.17
Bucraa phosphate Maroco	5	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3976	4644	668	146.69	296.1	0.0822	0.1856	2.26
Bucraa phosphate Maroco	5	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3845	4501	656	144.25	291.2	0.0809	0.1822	2.25
Burangaite Rwanda	117	NaI	28.8	0.1	3600	4238	10742	6504	151.45	305.6	0.0849	1.8067	21.28
Burangaite Rwanda	117	NaI	28.8	0.3	3600	4007	10125	6118	147.26	297.2	0.0826	1.6994	20.58
El Hammami meteorite	38.9	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3216	3222	6	131.93	266.6	0.0740	0.0017	0.02
El Hammami meteorite	38.9	NaI	28.5	0.3	3600	3127	3130	3	130.09	262.9	0.0730	0.0008	0.01
Gabbro Fuerteventura	83.9	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	4359	10139	5780	153.59	309.9	0.0861	1.6056	18.65
Gabbro Fuerteventura	83.9	NaI	30.3	2	3600	2577	5065	2488	118.10	238.9	0.0664	0.6911	10.41
Granite Lac Fabrège France	83.8	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	4309	5062	753	152.71	308.1	0.0856	0.2092	2.44
Granite Lac Fabrège France	83.8	NaI	30.3	2	3600	2606	2839	233	118.76	240.2	0.0667	0.0647	0.97
Kasolite Katanga	10.4	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3216	52472	49256	131.93	266.6	0.0740	13.6822	184.78
Kasolite Katanga	10.4	NaI	28.5	0.3	3600	3127	54012	50885	130.09	262.9	0.0730	14.1347	193.56
KH2PO4 25.5g	25.5	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3803	5618	1815	143.46	289.6	0.0805	0.5042	6.27
KH2PO4 25.5g	25.5	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3682	5438	1756	141.16	285.0	0.0792	0.4878	6.16
Lu2O3 5 g	5	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3803	40148	36345	143.46	289.6	0.0805	10.0958	125.49
Lu2O3 5 g	5	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3682	38942	35260	141.16	285.0	0.0792	9.7944	123.70
Meteorite NWA904	65.4	NaI	30	0.15	3600	3175	3372	197	131.08	264.9	0.0736	0.0547	0.74
Meteorite NWA904	65.4	NaI	30	0.3	3600	3079	3274	195	129.09	260.9	0.0725	0.0542	0.75
Monazite Brazil	0.37	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3727	10437	6710	142.02	286.8	0.0797	1.8639	23.40
Monazite Brazil	0.37	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3592	10067	6475	139.43	281.6	0.0782	1.7986	23.00
Monazite Madagascar	14	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3761	1368323	1364562	142.67	288.0	0.0800	379.0450	4737.31
Monazite Madagascar	14	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3623	1321801	1318178	140.03	282.8	0.0785	366.1606	4661.79
Mosandrite on detector	34.24	NaI	28.8	0.1	3600	4238	20126	15888	151.45	305.6	0.0849	4.4133	51.99
Mosandrite on detector	34.24	NaI	28.8	0.3	3600	4007	19082	15075	147.26	297.2	0.0826	4.1875	50.72
Mosandrite Sweden	34.24	NaI	28.8	0.1	3600	4238	13067	8829	151.45	305.6	0.0849	2.4525	28.89
Mosandrite Sweden	34.24	NaI	28.8	0.3	3600	4007	12413	8406	147.26	297.2	0.0826	2.3350	28.28
Pechblende Czechia	58.5	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3742	21759235	21755493	142.31	287.3	0.0798	6043.1925	75717.55
Pechblende Czechia	58.5	NaI	28.5	1	3600	2205	10755130	10752925	109.24	221.2	0.0614	2986.9236	48614.46
Pechblende thin section Czechia	1	NaI	30	0.15	3600	3260	487893	484633	132.83	268.4	0.0745	134.6203	1805.89
Pechblende thin section Czechia	1	NaI	30	1	3600	2353	251775	249422	112.85	228.4	0.0634	69.2839	1092.04
Pechblende thin section glass on top	1	NaI	30	0.15	3600	3260	179094	175834	132.83	268.4	0.0745	48.8428	655.21
Pechblende thin section glass on top	1	NaI	30	1	3600	2353	80912	78559	112.85	228.4	0.0634	21.8219	343.95
Phalaborwa 1 South Africa	87.55	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3742	15164	11422	142.31	287.3	0.0798	3.1728	39.75
Phalaborwa 1 South Africa	87.55	NaI	28.5	1	3600	2205	6048	3843	109.24	221.2	0.0614	1.0675	17.37
Phalaborwa 2 South Africa	42.8	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3742	6398	2656	142.31	287.3	0.0798	0.7378	9.24
Phalaborwa 2 South Africa	42.8	NaI	28.5	1	3600	2205	2920	715	109.24	221.2	0.0614	0.1986	3.23
Phalaborwa 3 South Africa	87.7	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3216	5928	2712	131.93	266.6	0.0740	0.7533	10.17
Phalaborwa 3 South Africa	87.7	NaI	28.5	0.3	3600	3127	5747	2620	130.09	262.9	0.0730	0.7278	9.97
Phalaborwa 4 South Africa	45.9	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3120	3300	180	129.94	262.6	0.0729	0.0500	0.69
Phalaborwa 4 South Africa	45.9	NaI	28.5	1	3600	1927	1965	38	102.12	207.0	0.0575	0.0106	0.18
Phosphate Kola Russia	193	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3098	6761	3663	129.49	261.7	0.0727	1.0175	14.00
Phosphate Kola Russia	193	NaI	28.5	1	3600	1770	2993	1223	97.87	198.5	0.0551	0.3397	6.16
Phosphosiderite Portugal	53.27	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3595	10416	6821	139.49	281.7	0.0782	1.8947	24.22
Phosphosiderite Portugal	53.27	NaI	28.5	1	3600	1678	4176	2498	95.30	193.3	0.0537	0.6939	12.92
RbCl 11g	11	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3803	4396	593	143.46	289.6	0.0805	0.1647	2.05
RbCl 11g	11	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3682	4195	513	141.16	285.0	0.0792	0.1425	1.80
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	NaI	28.3	0.3	3600	6739	8281	1542	190.98	384.7	0.1068	0.4283	4.01
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	NaI	28.3	0.5	3600	6503	8027	1524	187.60	377.9	0.1050	0.4233	4.03
Rosenbushite Sweden	90.2	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	4270	16083	11813	152.02	306.7	0.0852	3.2814	38.51
Rosenbushite Sweden	90.2	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	4137	15637	11500	149.63	302.0	0.0839	3.1944	38.08
Rosenbushite Sweden	90.2	NaI	28.8	0.1	3600	4238	14865	10627	151.45	305.6	0.0849	2.9519	34.77
Rosenbushite Sweden	90.2	NaI	28.8	0.3	3600	4007	14163	10156	147.26	297.2	0.0826	2.8211	34.17
Scheelite Austria	140	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3098	4552	1454	129.49	261.7	0.0727	0.4039	5.56
Scheelite Austria	140	NaI	28.5	1	3600	1770	2515	745	97.87	198.5	0.0551	0.2069	3.75
Shale La Roche Belgium	50.1	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	4359	5493	1134	153.59	309.9	0.0861	0.3150	3.66
Shale La Roche Belgium	50.1	NaI	30.3	2	3600	2577	3042	465	118.10	238.9	0.0664	0.1292	1.95
Sodalite Norway	45.9	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3761	7275	3514	142.67	288.0	0.0800	0.9761	12.20
Sodalite Norway	45.9	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3623	7041	3418	140.03	282.8	0.0785	0.9494	12.09
Sphene Kola Russia	370	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3098	6835	3737	129.49	261.7	0.0727	1.0381	14.28
Sphene Kola Russia	370	NaI	28.5	1	3600	1770	2956	1186	97.87	198.5	0.0551	0.3294	5.98
Tenerife Los roques green rock	37	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3701	6947	3246	141.53	285.8	0.0794	0.9017	11.36
Tenerife Los roques green rock	37	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3580	6726	3146	139.19	281.1	0.0781	0.8739	11.19
Thorium Nitrate	14.7	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3818	4357505	4353687	143.75	290.2	0.0806	1209.3575	15002.36
Thorium Nitrate	14.7	NaI	28.5	1	3600	2048	1994811	1992763	105.28	213.3	0.0592	553.5453	9344.02
U3O8	15.47	NaI	28.5	0.15	3600	3818	2431068	2427250	143.75	290.2	0.0806	674.2361	8364.06
U3O8	15.47	NaI	28.5	1	3600	2048	241048	239000	105.28	213.3	0.0592	66.3889	1120.67
Xenotime	2.54	NaI	30.3	0.1	3600	3761	21334	17573	142.67	288.0	0.0800	4.8814	61.01
Xenotime	2.54	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3623	20577	16954	140.03	282.8	0.0785	4.7094	59.96
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	NaI	30.3	0.3	3600	3092	5242	2150	129.36	261.4	0.0726	0.5972	8.22
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	NaI	30.3	0.5	3600	3006	5096	2090	127.55	257.8	0.0716	0.5806	8.11
Background not shielded	1	Plastic	30	0.2	3600	9145	14916	5771	222.47	447.6	0.1243	1.6031	12.89
Background not shielded	1	Plastic	30	0.17	3600	8542	16165	7623	215.01	432.7	0.1202	2.1175	17.62
Gabbro Fuerteventura	83.9	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	14020	17246	3226	275.46	553.6	0.1538	0.8961	5.83
Gabbro Fuerteventura	83.9	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	11403	13729	2326	248.42	499.6	0.1388	0.6461	4.66
KH2PO4 25.5g	25.5	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	15777	20811	5034	292.21	587.1	0.1631	1.3983	8.57
KH2PO4 25.5g	25.5	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	12734	16073	3339	262.52	527.7	0.1466	0.9275	6.33
RbCl 11g	11	Plastic	30.3	0.1	3600	20242	19447	-795	330.98	664.7	0.1846	-0.2208	-1.20
RbCl 11g	11	Plastic	30.3	0.3	3600	16248	15489	-759	296.54	595.8	0.1655	-0.2108	-1.27
RbCl 11g	11	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	14020	12830	-1190	275.46	553.6	0.1538	-0.3306	-2.15
RbCl 11g	11	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	11403	10402	-1001	248.42	499.6	0.1388	-0.2781	-2.00
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	Plastic	30.3	0.1	3600	19826	21132	1306	327.57	657.8	0.1827	0.3628	1.99
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	Plastic	31.3	0.2	3600	11610	13922	2312	250.67	504.0	0.1400	0.6422	4.59
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	11577	13623	2046	250.31	503.3	0.1398	0.5683	4.06
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	Plastic	30.3	0.3	3600	8279	9459	1180	211.68	426.1	0.1183	0.3278	2.77
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	Plastic	30.3	0.2	3600	11574	13679	2105	250.28	503.3	0.1398	0.5847	4.18
Rock from Nonceveux Belgium	113	Plastic	30.3	0.25	3600	9668	11276	1608	228.74	460.2	0.1278	0.4467	3.49